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This Week in Science Wrapped DNA \| Spring Bloom \| Earthquakes from Above \| Edging In on MoS2 \| Challenging the Mushroom Bodies \| Maintaining Equilibrium \| Too Much Tolerance? \| Be My Guests \| Ties That Bind \| Close-Up of DNA Methylation \| Before Tohoku-Oki \| Keeping a Kinase in Check Editors' Choice Immunology: Energy to Burn \| Applied Physics: Magnetized at the Interface \| Genetics: Mom's in Charge \| Materials Science: A Model for Aging \| Evolution: Getting from One to Two \| Biomedicine: All Eyes on Epigenetics \| Chemistry: Polymer, Heal Thyself Findings Study Fails to Find Arsenic in Microbial DNA \| Telltale Isotopes Hint at North Korea Weapons Test \| New Malaria Death Toll Disputed [Editorial] The Endangered Bond Author: Gottfried Schatz [News of the Week] Around the World In science news around the world this week, a senator is questioning the FDA about its actions in response to a lawsuit brought by whistleblowers, an Indiana creationism bill is unlikely to advance, Russian space scientists may build a new version of the failed Fobos-Grunt sample return spacecraft, the genome of an extinct human is now online, the Kavli Foundation is endowing its first institute in Japan, Minnesota began destroying blood samples collected in its newborn-screening program, scientists are boycotting Elsevier to protest its journal pricing, and a report outlines the steps needed to increase the number of U.S. science degrees. [News of the Week] Random Sample From 20 to 22 April, the winners of GE's 2011 IN Cell Analyzer Image Competition will appear on NBC Universal's high-definition screen of Times Square in New York City. On 2 February, scientists at the Paranal Observatory in Chile for the first time successfully linked all four telescopes of the Very Large Telescope array. Alan Stern, the principal investigator of NASA's New Horizons mission to the dwarf planet, and Dan Durda, an astronomer and space artist, have posted a petition on the website change.org urging the U.S. Postal Service to issue an official stamp in 2015 honoring the mission's arrival at Pluto. And this week's numbers quantify the annual cost of a new cystic fibrosis drug and the amount raised for pediatric cancer research at a disco dance party. [News & Analysis] France: ?22 Billion Stimulus Brings Worries About Egalité On 3 February, French Prime Minister Francois Fillon announced five new winners in the ?7.7 billion Excellence Initiatives, which aims to help create a group of five to 10 world-class research and higher education clusters. Author: Barbara Casassus [News & Analysis] Personalized Medicine: New Cystic Fibrosis Drug Offers Hope, at a Price The new cystic fibrosis drug Kalydeco illustrates both the promise and peril of personalized medicine: It is extremely expensive and helps only 4% of people with the disease, or 1200 patients. Author: Jocelyn Kaiser [News & Analysis] Paleontology: More Than One Way for Invaders to Wreak Havoc A new paper published in the January issue of GSA Today holds invasions responsible for the failure to speciate in some marine animal groups in the Devonian period 380 million years ago. Author: Richard A. Kerr [News & Analysis] Eastern Europe: High Hopes for Croatia's 'Warm Spring Harbor' Remain Unfulfilled What was supposed to be a rising star in Eastern European science, the Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences in Split, is mired in controversy and appears to be on the brink of collapse. Author: Mico Tatalovic [News Focus] Indoor Ecosystems The microbial ecology of buildings gets a boost from a foundation and researchers trying to better understand the invisible communities in our homes, hospitals, and workspaces. Author: Courtney Humphries [News Focus] Profile : Stephen Friend: The Visionary Seeking to spur drug development, Stephen Friend has launched a daring series of initiatives to make biomedical research more open and effective. Author: Jocelyn Kaiser [Letter] Carbon Shifted But Not Sequestered Author: Rane L. Curl [Letter] Response?Carbon Shifted But Not Sequestered Authors: C. Groves, J. Cao, C. Zhang [Letter] Ecosystem Services: Heed Social Goals Authors: Esteve Corbera, Unai Pascual [Letter] Ecosystem Services: Free Lunch No More Author: Lucas N. Joppa [Letter] Response?Ecosystem Services: Free Lunch No More Authors: Ann P. Kinzig, Charles Perrings, F. Stuart Chapin II, Stephen Polasky, V. Kerry Smith, David Tilman, B. L. Turner III [Letter] NextGenVOICES: Definition of Success: Last Call [Correction] Corrections and Clarifications [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Language Expansion from Africa? Authors: Michael Cysouw, Dan Dediu, Steven Moran [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Language Expansion from Africa? Authors: Chuan-Chao Wang, Qi-Liang Ding, Huan Tao, Hui Li [Technical Comment] Comment on ?Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Language Expansion from Africa? Authors: Rory Van Tuyl, Asya Pereltsvaig [Technical Response] Response to Comments on ?Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Expansion from Africa? Author: Quentin D. Atkinson [Book Review] Paradoxical Roots of ?Social Construction? Nye locates the roots of the "social turn" (highlighting the importance of social communities, behavioral norms, and personal commitments) in the scientific culture and political events of 1930s Europe. Author: David Kaiser [Book Review] Imaginary Identities Zerubavel examines social and cultural aspects of how we understand kinship---and hence approach ethnicity, race, and nationalism. Author: Marta Tienda [Books et al.] Books Received A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 03 February 2012. [Policy Forum] Public Health and Biosecurity: Adaptations of Avian Flu Virus Are a Cause for Concern Members of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity explain its recommendations on the communication of experimental work on H5N1 influenza. Authors: Kenneth I. Berns, Arturo Casadevall, Murray L. Cohen, Susan A. Ehrlich, Lynn W. Enquist, J. Patrick Fitch, David R. Franz, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Christine M. Grant, Michael J. Imperiale, Joseph Kanabrocki, Paul S. Keim, Stanley M. Lemon, Stuart B. Levy, John R. Lumpkin, Jeffery F. Miller, Randall Murch, Mark E. Nance, Michael T. Osterholm, David A. Relman, James A. Roth, Anne K. Vidaver [Policy Forum] Public Health and BIosecurity: Restricted Data on Influenza H5N1 Virus Transmission Authors of a debated flu transmission study discuss why such work is important and should be published. Authors: Ron A. M. Fouchier, Sander Herfst, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus [Perspective] Neuroscience: Ode to the Mushroom Bodies Neurons that stabilize memory storage are located outside of a region in the insect brain long thought to handle this task. Author: Josh Dubnau [Perspective] Mathematics: Critical Truths About Power Laws Most reported power laws lack statistical support and mechanistic backing. Authors: Michael P. H. Stumpf, Mason A. Porter [Perspective] Immunology: Remembering to Be Tolerant Self-tolerant T cells can be transiently reactivated. Authors: June-Yong Lee, Stephen C. Jameson [Perspective] Chemistry: Probing Frozen Molecular Embraces The conformation of the complex formed by a catalyst and its substrate was determined with a method that combined mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. Author: Timothy S. Zwier [Perspective] Structural Biology: It's All in the Symmetry The structure of a sodium-calcium exchange protein provides insight into the mechanism of Ca²⁺ transport through the cell membrane. Authors: Jeff Abramson, Aviv Paz, Kenneth D. Philipson [Review] Seasonality in Ocean Microbial Communities Authors: Stephen J. Giovannoni, Kevin L. Vergin [Brevia] Pigment Pattern Formation by Contact-Dependent Depolarization Cell culture experiments reveal that direct interactions between pigment cells play a key role in skin pattern formation. Authors: Masafumi Inaba, Hiroaki Yamanaka, Shigeru Kondo [Research Article] Visualizing Long-Term Memory Formation in Two Neurons of the Drosophila Brain Protein synthesis underlying olfactory memory storage takes place outside the mushroom body?the site of memory storage. Authors: Chun-Chao Chen, Jie-Kai Wu, Hsuan-Wen Lin, Tsung-Pin Pai, Tsai-Feng Fu, Chia-Lin Wu, Tim Tully, Ann-Shyn Chiang [Research Article] Structural Insight into the Ion-Exchange Mechanism of the Sodium/Calcium Exchanger The arrangement of four central ion-binding sites with differing specificities suggests how a membrane transporter protein works. Authors: Jun Liao, Hua Li, Weizhong Zeng, David B. Sauer, Ricardo Belmares, Youxing Jiang [Report] One-Step Fabrication of Supramolecular Microcapsules from Microfluidic Droplets A molecular host that binds two guests directs scalable fabrication of hollow polymer/gold nanoparticle hybrid structures. Authors: Jing Zhang, Roger J. Coulston, Samuel T. Jones, Jin Geng, Oren A. Scherman, Chris Abell [Report] Determination of Noncovalent Docking by Infrared Spectroscopy of Cold Gas-Phase Complexes Conformationally freezing a weakly bound complex in the gas phase sheds light on its likely binding motifs in solution. Authors: Etienne Garand, Michael Z. Kamrath, Peter A. Jordan, Arron B. Wolk, Christopher M. Leavitt, Anne B. McCoy, Scott J. Miller, Mark A. Johnson [Report] A Molecular MoS2 Edge Site Mimic for Catalytic Hydrogen Generation A small molecule functionally models the active component of an extended solid material with wide catalytic applications. Authors: Hemamala I. Karunadasa, Elizabeth Montalvo, Yujie Sun, Marcin Majda, Jeffrey R. Long, Christopher J. Chang [Report] Near-Field Deformation from the El Mayor?Cucapah Earthquake Revealed by Differential LIDAR Optical remote sensing before and after a large earthquake reveals its rupture dynamics. Authors: Michael E. Oskin, J Ramon Arrowsmith, Alejandro Hinojosa Corona, Austin J. Elliott, John M. Fletcher, Eric J. Fielding, Peter O. Gold, J. Javier Gonzalez Garcia, Ken W. Hudnut, Jing Liu-Zeng, Orlando J. Teran [Report] Propagation of Slow Slip Leading Up to the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Two sequences of slow slip preceded and migrated toward the main rupture. Authors: Aitaro Kato, Kazushige Obara, Toshihiro Igarashi, Hiroshi Tsuruoka, Shigeki Nakagawa, Naoshi Hirata [Report] Structure-Based Mechanistic Insights into DNMT1-Mediated Maintenance DNA Methylation The enzyme that maintains DNA methylation in eukaryotes flips out the target C base in hemimethylated DNA for methylation. Authors: Jikui Song, Marianna Teplova, Satoko Ishibe-Murakami, Dinshaw J. Patel [Report] Structure and Allostery of the PKA RII? Tetrameric Holoenzyme Details are revealed as to how cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) binding causes dissociation and activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Authors: Ping Zhang, Eric V. Smith-Nguyen, Malik M. Keshwani, Michael S. Deal, Alexandr P. Kornev, Susan S. Taylor [Report] The Crystal Structure of TAL Effector PthXo1 Bound to Its DNA Target Structures show how a virulence factor in a plant pathogen recognizes and binds to host DNA. Authors: Amanda Nga-Sze Mak, Philip Bradley, Raul A. Cernadas, Adam J. Bogdanove, Barry L. Stoddard [Report] Structural Basis for Sequence-Specific Recognition of DNA by TAL Effectors Structures show how a virulence factor in a plant pathogen recognizes and binds to host DNA. Authors: Dong Deng, Chuangye Yan, Xiaojing Pan, Magdy Mahfouz, Jiawei Wang, Jian-Kang Zhu, Yigong Shi, Nieng Yan [Report] Rescued Tolerant CD8 T Cells Are Preprogrammed to Reestablish the Tolerant State Maintenance of T cell tolerance is likely regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Authors: Andrea Schietinger, Jeffrey J. Delrow, Ryan S. Basom, Joseph N. Blattman, Philip D. Greenberg [Departments] Gordon Research Conferences New Products A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. [Podcast] Science Podcast The show includes ultraviolet light sensing in plants, investigating earthquakes with LIDAR, indoor microbe populations, and more.

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