Walter Anthony Rees y Nelson, (Niki) the second of two boys, was born in Havana, Cuba on January 11, 1929. His father was German, his mother a native Cuban of Danish and English origin was a U.S. citizen. He attended primary school in Havana until the age of nine. In 1938 he, together with his brother and mother, were sent to Karlsruhe, Germany to live on his father’s income there. He attended two boarding schools in Baden from 1939 until 1944 and three schools in and near Karlsruhe from 1944 to 1945, the years coinciding with World War II. On numerous occasions during the war, Walter would work on farms or barter for agricultural products to supplement the otherwise limited food supply controlled by ration cards and allotments. During the last years of the war, Karlsruhe was heavily bombed and largely destroyed. As the son of a German, he was considered a German and obliged to be a member of the Hitler Youth. Among Walter’s most memorable experiences in the service as a youth was being forced to gather with hundreds of other youth on S. A. Platz in Karlsruhe in late 1944. From here, they were transported by train to Alsace and a village near Belfort to dig tank traps to slow the progress of the Allies in their northward conquest. They were delayed for some time due to the theft of the first locomotive by French partisans. During the delay, unbeknownst to them, they were housed in the barracks in the concentration camp at Schirmeck overnight. (This detail was revealed to Walter fifty years later.) Following the war from 1945 until 1947, he worked in various capacities at first with the French and thereafter with the American occupation forces (medical stations, P.X., interpreter). Returning to Cuba on a Cuban passport, he joined his father in Havana, attended Candler College High School and graduated in June 1948 (part-time salesman).

From fall 1948 until summer of 1952 Walter attended Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia (dormitory counselor, laboratory assistant) graduating with a B.A. in 1951, premed, and an M.S. 1952, biology, (effects of oxygen under pressure on meiosis chromosomes in Tradescantia sp.); Phi Sigma, 1950; elected to Georgia Academy of Sciences, 1952; Association of South Eastern Biologists, 1952.

In 1953 he returned to the U.S.A. as an immigrant from Cuba, briefly worked as a salesman then volunteered for the U.S. Army in New York City. Induction followed at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, basic training at Ft. Dix, New Jersey, and then Walter was stationed as Scientific and Professional Personnel in the Chemical Corps at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah (April 1953 to January 1956, private to corporal S.P. 3 Biological Research Assistant, in biological program directed by the University of Utah, Salt Lake City). He was co-founder and participant in Skull Valley Players; Harvey, Light Up the Sky, Trip to Bountiful. On November 19, 1953 he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in Salt Lake City and was granted a name change to Walter A. Nelson-Rees. On discharge, he was given a good conduct award and the National Defense Medal. For six months he attended the University of Utah (January to June 1956, laboratory aid to laboratory assistant, Departments of Genetics and Embryology).

In July 1956 Walter moved to Berkeley, California to attend the University. His mentor in the Department of Genetics was Cytogeneticist Professor Spencer Wharton Brown for whom Walter first worked as a laboratory technician then research assistant under National Science Foundation Grant to S.W. Brown. He defended his Ph. D. (sex determination in the mealy bug, cytological study) in June 1960 and received a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellowship spent largely on expedition to the Southwest, Mexico and Guatemala on an insect collecting, cytogenetic/taxonomic study of scale insects (with S. W. Brown, discovery of new species). At Berkeley, Walter was elected to Sigma Xi, founded Wild Type, a publication for Department of Genetics, and acted in Doctor’s Dilemma as Cutler Walpole. A Fulbright Research Scholarship was granted Walter, 1961-1962, for study at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Biology, Tübingen, Germany in the department of Professor Dr. Hans Bauer (microcinematography of normal and irradiated mitoses and meioses in Planococcus). During this year Walter lectured on his work in cytology at the Universities of Louvain and Liege, Belgium, and Padua, Pavia and Rome, Italy, and the Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany.

Walter’s professional career extended from his return to the U.S. from Germany in late 1962 until October 11, 1981. During these years under contracts from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, he helped design, staff and equip the Cell Culture Laboratory (Cell Culture Division) of the Naval Biological Laboratory (later Naval Bio-Sciences Laboratory), University of California, Berkeley, situated at the Naval Supply Center, Oakland, California. He began this as an Assistant Research Geneticist and Consultant, Associate Chief, and ended as the chief of the laboratory’s section of Cell Characterization, Propagation and Distribution. The laboratory closed in 1982 (the site is now a parking lot for semi-trailers).

During his years at this laboratory, Walter, aside from his research and authoring and co-authoring numerous publications was active in various capacities in the Tissue Culture Association (now Society for In Vitro Biology); American Association for Advancement of Science; Mammalian Cytology and Somatic Cell Genetics; Pacific Coast Virus Tumor Group; Advisory Committee, American Type Culture Collection; Organizing Committee XIII International Congress on Genetics; Special Virus Cancer Program, National Cancer Institute. He served on editorial boards of: Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association; Journal of the National Cancer Institute; Applied Microbiology; In Vitro, etc. He Served on Ph.D. dissertation and qualifying examination committees for students in Public Health, was appointed as Lecturer in School of Public Health on courses in Experimental Pathology; Advanced Microbiology; Virology and Zoology and participated in Training Grant of Doctoral Program in Infectious Diseases Research, School of Public Health. He was appointed adjunct faculty at the W. Alton Jones Cell Science Center, Lake Placid, New York 1977-78. At the conclusion of his career at the University of California, he retired as a Research Geneticist, the equivalent of Professor in the teaching faculty series.

In addition to presentation of research results at professional symposia, annual meetings and conferences, Walter, by invitation, participated at and presented research reports at laboratories in Chicago (Fermi), Brugge, Liege, Pavia, Bethesda, Albuquerque (Sandia), London (Imperial Cancer Research Fund); Porton Downs, England; Glasgow; Paris (College de France); Freiburg University; Oslo (Norsk Institutet); Stockholm; Munich (von Pettenkofer Institute); Heidelberg University; Moscow (five laboratories as guest of Profs. Helen Pogozianz, Viktor Zdanov, B.L. Astaurov) and Academia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Italy. Professional consultations were extended to hundreds of recipients of cell cultures initiated or stored in the Cell Culture Laboratory.

Although his extensive publications dealt especially with chromosomal aspects of cells in culture and cell cross contamination, he is particularly associated with the publication of lists of dozens of cell cultures that were contaminated by HeLa cells, and were no longer what their originators or users thought they represented. He concentrated primarily on altered chromosomes that as a group served as cytological markers for HeLa contamination since these markers were always found in the bona fide HeLa cells.

After retiring form the University of California, Berkeley, he and his partner, James Coran, developed the Oakland-based WIM Fine Arts, specializing in buying and selling mostly historical paintings by Californians. They wrote and published a number of catalogs and books on the subject, supported exhibitions and actively participated in and contributed to art matters in the San Francisco Bay Area and California. In 1989 to 1990 they sold the painting portion of WIM Fine Arts and concentrated on their private collection by then numbering over nine hundred works. Sadly, this valuable collection along with their home and all their possessions were destroyed in the Oakland firestorm October 20, 1991. Walter is still occasionally sought after for advice and consultation in matters related to cell culture contamination and sound laboratory practices (Tissue Culture Association, State of the Art Review Conference, Rockville, MD, 1983; Origins of HIV and the AIDS Epidemic, Royal Society, London, 2000). The Society of In Vitro Biology on May 25, 2004 presented him with the Distinguished Life Time Achievement Award for which he was justifiably proud.

Walter died in San Francisco on January 23, 2009 and is survived by his sister-in-law Maria, two nieces and two nephews and their families in Florida and by his domestic partner (since July 19, 1959) James L. Coran. His request is that there be no service and his ashes be scattered at sea.

It is with sadness that I have to report the death of Pierre Doupagne, the former technical assistant at the Laboratoire Medical de Stanleyville, (LMS) in the Belgian Congo. He died peacefully in hospital in Liege, Belgium, on October 24th, 2008. He was 85 years old.

Although he was not one of the four doctors based at the LMS in the latter half of the 1950s, Pierre Doupagne was the man whose skills underpinned their work - and in the end he played a significant part in the origins of AIDS debate that began some 40 years later.